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Republic of Finland

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Finland




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The Prime Minister (Finnish: pääministeri, Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Matti Vanhanen of the Centre Party.

Contents

Overview

Under the provisions of the new Constitution of Finland (enacted in 2000), the President nominates a Prime Minister after the parties in the Eduskunta (Parliament) have negotiated the distribution of seats in the new Council of State and the government\'s programme. Parliament must ratify the nominated Prime Minister with an absolute majority in a vote without other candidates. If the nominee doesn\'t receive sufficient support, then a new round of negotiations and a second nomination by the President follows. If the second nominee also fails to gain an absolute majority, then a third vote occurs, in which any member of Parliament can nominate a candidate; in this round a plurality is sufficient for election. The President\'s formal appointment follows Parliament\'s election.

The above procedure was first used to elect Anneli Jäätteenmäki to the Prime Ministership in 2003. Previously it was assumed that the President would nominate the candidate who in a third round of voting would have gained a relative majority, usually the leader of the largest party. Before the new Constitution came into force, full formal powers to appoint the Prime Minister and the rest of the Council of State had been the privilege of the President, who was free to diverge from parliamentary principles, although ministers appointed had to have the confidence of the Parliament.

The Prime Minister nominates the remaining members of the Council of State, who are then, with the consent of Parliament, appointed by the President.

In 1918, the Finnish Senate was transformed into the Council of State (or cabinet) of Finland, and the position of Vice-Chairman of the Economic Division of the Senate was transformed into that of a Prime Minister. Kesäranta (in Swedish Villa Bjälbo), located in the Meilahti area of Helsinki, has been the official residence of the Prime Minister of Finland since 1919.

Since its independence (declared on December 6th, 1917), Finland has had 86 cabinets, the longest lasting being the two cabinets of Prime Minister Paavo Lipponen, both lasting 1,464 days.

List of Prime Ministers

Period Prime Minister Born-died Party
2003- Matti Vanhanen 1955- Centre Party
2003 Anneli Jäätteenmäki 1955- Centre Party
1995-2003 Paavo Lipponen 1941- Social Democratic Party
1991-1995 Esko Aho 1954- Centre Party
1987-1991 Harri Holkeri 1937- National Coalition Party
1982-1987
(3rd term)
Kalevi Sorsa 1930-2004 Social Democratic Party
1979-1982
(2nd term)
Mauno Koivisto 1923- Social Democratic Party
1977-1979
(2nd term)
Kalevi Sorsa 1930-2004 Social Democratic Party
1975-1977
(2nd term)
Martti Miettunen 1907-2002 Centre Party
1975 Keijo Liinamaa 1929-1980 none (caretaker cabinet)
1972-1975 Kalevi Sorsa 1930-2004 Social Democratic Party
1972
(2nd term)
Rafael Paasio 1903-1980 Social Democratic Party
1971-1972
(2nd term)
Teuvo Aura 1912-1999 none (caretaker cabinet)
1970-1971
(2nd term)
Ahti Karjalainen 1923-1990 Centre Party
1970 Teuvo Aura 1912-1999 none (caretaker cabinet)
1968-1970 Mauno Koivisto 1923- Social Democratic Party
1966-1968 Rafael Paasio 1903-1980 Social Democratic Party
1964-1966 Johannes Virolainen 1914-2000 Centre Party
1963-1964 Reino Ragnar Lehto 1898-1966 none (caretaker cabinet)
1962-1963 Ahti Karjalainen 1923-1990 Agrarian League
1961-1962 Martti Miettunen 1907-2002 Agrarian League
1961 (11 days, interim) Eemil Vihtori Luukka 1892-1970 Agrarian League
1959-1961
(2nd term)
Vieno Johannes Sukselainen 1906-1995 Agrarian League
1958-1959
(3rd term)
Karl-August Fagerholm 1901-1984 Social Democratic Party
1958 Reino Kuuskoski 1907-1965 none (caretaker cabinet)
1957-1958 Rainer von Fieandt 1890-1972 none (caretaker cabinet)
1957 Vieno Johannes Sukselainen 1906-1995 Agrarian League
1956-1957
(2nd term)
Karl-August Fagerholm 1901-1984 Social Democratic Party
1954-1956
(2nd term)
Urho Kekkonen 1900-1986 Agrarian League
1954 Ralf Törngren 1899-1961 Swedish People\'s Party
1953-1954 Sakari Tuomioja 1911-1964 none (caretaker cabinet)
1950-1953 Urho Kekkonen 1900-1986 Agrarian League
1948-1950 Karl-August Fagerholm 1901-1984 Social Democratic Party
1946-1948 Mauno Pekkala 1890-1952 Finnish People\'s Democratic League
1944-1946
(2nd term)
Juho Kusti Paasikivi 1870-1956 National Coalition Party
1944 Antti Hackzell 1881-1946 none
1944 Urho Castren 1886-1965 National Coalition Party
1943-1944 Edwin Linkomies 1894-1963 National Coalition Party
1941-1943 Johan Wilhelm Rangell 1894-1982 National Progressive Party
1939-1941 Risto Ryti 1889-1956 National Progressive Party
1937-1939
(3rd term)
Aimo Cajander 1879-1943 National Progressive Party
1936-1937
(4th term)
Kyösti Kallio 1873-1940 Agrarian League
1932-1936 Toivo Mikael Kivimäki 1886-1968 National Progressive Party
1931-1932
(2nd term)
Juho Sunila 1875-1936 Agrarian League
1930-1931
(2nd term)
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 1861-1944 National Coalition Party
1929-1930
(3rd term)
Kyösti Kallio 1873-1940 Agrarian League
1928-1929 Oskari Mantere 1874-1942 National Progressive Party
1927-1928 Juho Sunila 1875-1936 Agrarian League
1926-1927 Väinö Tanner 1881-1966 Social Democratic Party
1925-1926
(2rd term)
Kyösti Kallio 1873-1940 Agrarian League
1925 Antti Tulenheimo 1879-1952 National Coalition Party
1924-1925
(2rd term)
Lauri Ingman 1868-1934 National Coalition Party
1924
(2rd term)
Aimo Cajander 1879-1943 none (caretaker cabinet)
1922-1924 Kyösti Kallio 1873-1940 Agrarian League
1922 Aimo Cajander 1879-1943 none (caretaker cabinet)
1921-1922
(2rd term)
Juho Vennola 1872-1938 National Progressive Party
1920-1921 Rafael Erich 1879-1946 National Coalition Party
1919-1920 Juho Vennola 1872-1938 National Progressive Party
1919 Kaarlo Castrén 1860-1938 National Progressive Party
1918-1919 Lauri Ingman 1868-1934 National Coalition Party
1918 Juho Kusti Paasikivi 1870-1956 Finnish Party
1917-1918 Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 1861-1944 Young Finnish Party

  1. Prime Ministers of Finland

ImageSize = height:2000 PlotArea = height:1900 left:40 bottom:100

DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:1917 till:2008 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:1917 ScaleMinor = unit:month increment:3 start:01/01/1917 Legend = columns:1 left:40 top:90 columnwidth:160

Define $dx = 20 Define $dy = -3

Colors=

 id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
 id:sdp  value:red       legend:Socialdemocrat
 id:skdl  value:claret    legend:Communist
 id:kokoomus value:darkblue  legend:Conservative
 id:keskusta  value:green     legend:Centrist
 id:ep value:skyblue   legend:Liberal
 id:muu   value:gray(0.8) legend:Other/caretaker

PlotData=

 bar:PrimeMinisters color:blue  mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S
 from:27/11/1917 till:27/05/1918 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
 from:27/05/1918 till:27/11/1918 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Juho Kusti Paasikivi
 from:27/11/1918 till:17/04/1919 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Lauri Ingman
 from:17/04/1919 till:15/08/1919 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Kaarlo Castrén
 from:15/08/1919 till:15/03/1920 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Juho Vennola
 from:15/03/1920 till:09/04/1921 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Rafael Erich
 from:09/04/1921 till:02/06/1922 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Juho Vennola 
 from:02/06/1922 till:14/11/1922 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Aimo Cajander 
 from:14/11/1922 till:18/01/1924 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Kyösti Kallio 
 from:18/01/1924 till:31/05/1924 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Aimo Cajander 
 from:31/05/1924 till:31/03/1925 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Lauri Ingman 
 from:31/03/1925 till:31/12/1925 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Antti Tulenheimo 
 from:31/12/1925 till:13/12/1926 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Kyösti Kallio 
 from:13/12/1926 till:17/12/1927 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Väinö Tanner 
 from:17/12/1927 till:22/12/1928 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Juho Sunila 
 from:22/12/1928 till:16/08/1929 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Oskari Mantere 
 from:16/08/1929 till:04/07/1930 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Kyösti Kallio 
 from:04/07/1930 till:21/03/1931 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Pehr Evind Svinhufvud 
 from:21/03/1931 till:14/12/1932 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Juho Sunila 
 from:14/12/1932 till:07/10/1936 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Toivo Mikael Kivimäki 
 from:07/10/1936 till:12/03/1937 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Kyösti Kallio 
 from:12/03/1937 till:01/12/1939 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Aimo Cajander 
 from:01/12/1939 till:04/01/1941 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Risto Ryti 
 from:04/01/1941 till:05/03/1943 shift:($dx,$dy) color:ep text:Johan Wilhelm Rangell 
 from:05/03/1943 till:08/08/1944 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Edwin Linkomies 
 from:08/08/1944 till:21/09/1944 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Antti Hackzell 
 from:21/09/1944 till:17/11/1944 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Urho Castrén 
 from:17/11/1944 till:26/03/1946 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Juho Kusti Paasikivi 
 from:26/03/1946 till:29/07/1948 shift:($dx,$dy) color:skdl text:Mauno Pekkala 
 from:29/07/1948 till:17/03/1950 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Karl-August Fagerholm 
 from:17/03/1950 till:17/11/1953 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Urho Kekkonen 
 from:17/11/1953 till:05/05/1954 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Sakari Tuomioja
 from:05/05/1954 till:20/10/1954 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Ralf Törngren
 from:20/10/1954 till:03/03/1956 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Urho Kekkonen
 from:03/03/1956 till:27/05/1957 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Karl-August Fagerholm
 from:27/05/1957 till:29/11/1957 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:V. J. Sukselainen
 from:29/11/1957 till:26/04/1958 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Rainer von Fieandt
 from:26/04/1958 till:29/08/1958 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Reino Kuuskoski
 from:29/08/1958 till:13/01/1959 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Karl-August Fagerholm
 from:13/01/1959 till:14/07/1961 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:V. J. Sukselainen
 from:14/07/1961 till:13/04/1962 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Martti Miettunen
 from:13/04/1962 till:18/12/1963 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Ahti Karjalainen
 from:18/12/1963 till:12/09/1964 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Reino Ragnar Lehto
 from:12/09/1964 till:27/05/1966 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Johannes Virolainen
 from:27/05/1966 till:22/03/1968 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Rafael Paasio
 from:22/03/1968 till:14/05/1970 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Mauno Koivisto
 from:14/05/1970 till:15/07/1970 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Teuvo Aura
 from:15/07/1970 till:29/10/1971 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Ahti Karjalainen
 from:29/10/1971 till:23/02/1972 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Teuvo Aura
 from:23/02/1972 till:04/09/1972 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Rafael Paasio
 from:04/09/1972 till:13/06/1975 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Kalevi Sorsa
 from:13/06/1975 till:30/11/1975 shift:($dx,$dy) color:muu text:Keijo Liinamaa
 from:30/11/1975 till:15/05/1977 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Martti Miettunen
 from:15/05/1977 till:26/05/1979 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Kalevi Sorsa
 from:26/05/1979 till:19/02/1982 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Mauno Koivisto
 from:19/02/1982 till:30/04/1987 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Kalevi Sorsa
 from:30/04/1987 till:26/04/1991 shift:($dx,$dy) color:kokoomus text:Harri Holkeri
 from:26/04/1991 till:13/04/1995 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Esko Aho
 from:13/04/1995 till:17/04/2003 shift:($dx,$dy) color:sdp text:Paavo Lipponen
 from:17/04/2003 till:24/06/2003 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Anneli Jäätteenmäki
 from:24/06/2003 till:23/12/2007 shift:($dx,$dy) color:keskusta text:Matti Vanhanen

Living former Prime Ministers


See also

External links

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